Previous research indicates that employees often believe that it is too risky to voice their concerns about organizational problems; however, prospect theory suggests that people are more willing to take risks when problems are framed in terms of potential losses rather than potential gains. To reconcile these perspectives, we draw on prospect theory and the principle of loss aversion to explain why loss framing (compared to gain framing) will increase employees' willingness to engage in voice...

CONCLUSIONS: Franklin is an ML risk adjustment model that significantly improves risk-adjustment accuracy for Medicare beneficiaries compared to HCC. Franklin could generate improvement in payment accuracy, reduction in selection incentives, and financial savings to Medicare. Clarifying the equity impacts of more accurate risk adjustment is necessary.

Emerging infectious diseases, biodiversity loss, and anthropogenic environmental change are interconnected crises with massive social and ecological costs. In this Review, we discuss how pathogens and parasites are responding to global change, and the implications for pandemic prevention and biodiversity conservation. Ecological and evolutionary principles help to explain why both pandemics and wildlife die-offs are becoming more common; why land-use change and biodiversity loss are often...

CONCLUSIONS: Decentralized study designs with remote data collection requires further study as a means of conducting clinical research in asthma that increases participant accessibility, representation and generalizability of trial results. This approach presents numerous challenges and requires further optimization to address adherence, technical complexity, and staff burden while maintaining scientific rigor.

Microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) regulates the partitioning of organic carbon between microbial biomass and CO(2) emission, yet its response to climate warming remains poorly understood, especially in naturally regenerating ecosystems like abandoned croplands. Here, we conducted 3 year in situ warming experiments (+1.6 °C) across 12 abandoned cropland sites spanning arid to humid climatic zones in China. Using the ^(18)O-H(2)O method and molecular characterization, we found that warming...