Shigellosis is a nationally notifiable diarrheal illness caused by gram-negative bacteria. Shigella infection is spread through fecal-oral transmission and sexual contact. Although most infections are self-limited, antibiotics are indicated for severe illness or to reduce transmission in settings with high risk for spread. Since 2015, a growing proportion of cases has been caused by extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Shigella species, defined as being resistant to ampicillin, azithromycin,...

Broad antioxidant strategies in inflammatory bowel disease have had limited success, likely because they indiscriminately quench both harmful and physiological reactive oxygen species (ROS). In our recent work, we demonstrated that fibroblast-specific overexpression of acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) reprogrammed lipid metabolism and sensitized adjacent epithelial cells to ferroptosis in IBD models, pointing to heterocellular lipid crosstalk as a driver of epithelial...

Critical thinking classes are ubiquitous in U.S. college curricula. One of their aims is to teach good reasoning skills. To date, there is little systematic evidence that they do this. We report the results of a field experiment (N = 397) that compared undergraduate critical thinking classes taught in a philosophy department to other undergraduate philosophy classes. The results suggest that an appropriately designed critical thinking class can dramatically reduce four common biases in judgment...

CONCLUSIONS: Days when participants used above-average total PBS and manner of drinking were less indicative of risky TAC drinking and AIBs. Days with above-average serious harm reduction were more indicative of risky TAC drinking and AIBs. Findings demonstrate the associations between PBS, real-world intoxication dynamics measured by TAC biosensors, and subsequent AIBs among young adults who engage in risky drinking. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

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