CONCLUSION: In a setting with access to no-cost medication, nearly two-thirds of our sample were considered adherent to their medications. Older adults and those with comorbid conditions or BMI ≥ 30 had higher overall adherence to medications, whereas those residing in rural areas or using insulin had lower overall medication adherence.

The Veteran Affairs/Department of Defense guidelines for treating chronic pain emphasize non-pharmacological treatments, yet these remain underutilized. Veterans' beliefs about these approaches may contribute to such gaps. Beliefs were examined among Veterans prescribed opioids who were not engaged in non-pharmacological treatments, recruited through Veterans Health Administration electronic medical record queries for a larger randomized control trial. The sample included 131 Veterans (86.3%...

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