Background: Long-acting drug delivery strategies could augment pediatric human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment effectiveness by bypassing population-specific challenges such as adherence. We harnessed pharmacokinetic (PK) modeling to develop a biodegradable, subcutaneous (SQ), reservoir-style implant for HIV treatment in 2-5-year-old children. Methods: Plasma was collected from New Zealand White rabbits over 30 h after a single intravenous (IV) bolus of bictegravir (BIC, 0.75 mg/kg),...

This study investigates the pressure-dependent mechanical behavior and surface degradation of fluorocarbon elastomer (FKM, Viton^(®)) O-ring seals following prolonged high-pressure hydrogen exposure. Specimens were aged at up to 7000 psi for 192 h and evaluated using tensile testing and optical image analysis. The results show a non-monotonic evolution of peak force, stiffness, and energy absorption, with increased load-bearing response at higher pressures accompanied by reduced displacement...

High-pressure hydrogen exposure may induce transport and diffusion-relaxation-controlled changes in elastomeric sealing materials that differ from conventional fluid aging. Hydrogen uptake through solution-diffusion processes can lead to swelling, redistribution of molecular mobility, viscoelastic evolution, and, under certain conditions, cavitation or microvoid formation during decompression, which may affect long-term sealing performance. This review compiles experimental results for commonly...

The transition from relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) to secondary-progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) represents an ambiguous transition period characterized by diagnostic delays and a shifting therapeutic window. While inflammatory relapses are well-managed, the underlying neurodegeneration often remains undetected until substantial disability has accrued. This review evaluated the shift from traditional metrics, such as the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), toward more...

Diagnostic latency limits time-sensitive care and early detection, and exhaled breath provides a rapid, repeatable window into metabolic and inflammatory chemistry. We review real-time breath sampling and analytical technologies and evaluate their readiness for clinical adoption, with emphasis on molecular pathways reflected in the breath volatilome and in exhaled breath condensate. Real-time mass spectrometry enables kinetic VOC profiling and targeted quantification, while humidity-aware...