Top-down mass spectrometry (TDMS) is a powerful platform for the structural and functional analysis of intact proteins, enabling the detailed characterization of proteoforms and precise localization of post-translational modifications. The incorporation of alternative fragmentation techniques, such as electron transfer dissociation, electron transfer higher-energy collisional dissociation, and ultraviolet photodissociation, in instruments such as Tribrid Orbitrap mass spectrometers enhances...

CONCLUSION: Among patients hospitalized with CIED infections, TLR was independently associated with lower mortality and readmissions in both frail and non-frail patients, despite lower utilization in frail individuals. Frailty was common (25.1%) and independently associated with significantly worse outcomes. These findings highlight important associations between frailty, treatment patterns, and outcomes that warrant prospective evaluation.

CONCLUSIONS: LLTS and sham stimulation produced parallel results, indicating the presence of significant placebo effects. Future transcutaneous neuromodulation studies should include placebo effects into sample size calculation. (LLTS to Treat Premature Ventricular Contractions [TREAT-PVC]; NCT04909528).

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health burden in Vietnam, yet few studies have examined pulmonary TB mortality trends at sub-national levels, where local epidemiological patterns may differ substantially from national averages and reveal high-risk populations requiring targeted interventions and inform resource allocation. Lang Son, Vietnam, is a mountainous border province with many ethnic minority residents, and extensive cross-border movement creates distinct challenges for TB...

CONCLUSIONS: Bezlotoxumab appears safe in patients without HF history but is associated with a significantly increased risk of HF exacerbation in those with pre-existing HF, especially HFrEF.