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Photoreceptors depend on aerobic glycolysis to meet the high biosynthetic demand required for continuous outer segment renewal. Disruption of this metabolic program is increasingly recognized as a contributor to retinal degeneration; however, the coordinated roles of key glycolytic enzymes across retinal cell types remain incompletely understood. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) are central regulators of aerobic glycolysis; however, the mechanisms by which their...

PURPOSE: To describe the history and evolution of our elective track programs and overall lessons learned and to identify the percentage of University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy (OUCOP) graduates who completed a curricular track in ambulatory care, leadership, nuclear pharmacy, pediatrics, or research.

CONCLUSIONS: The findings may help policymakers better estimate the potential operational implications of higher food prices, which can be associated with higher WIC budgets through both increased food costs and higher redemption of WIC food benefits.