This review focuses on musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), which are a frequent occupational hazard among surgeons, with prevalence rates exceeding 70-90% across specialties. Common symptoms include neck, back, and shoulder pain, as well as generalized fatigue, particularly among those performing laparoscopic and robotic procedures. Key risk factors include static posture, repetitive motion, and prolonged procedural duration. Female surgeons also were cited to face elevated MSD risk due to...

Acute pharmacological administration of the endocrine hormone fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) enhances insulin sensitivity. This acute insulin-sensitizing effect of FGF21 is mediated through direct signaling to brown adipose tissues. Since skeletal muscle is an important site of insulin-stimulated glucose intake and shares a common progenitor cell with brown adipocytes, we examined whether the beneficial effects of FGF21 administration could be enhanced by making skeletal muscle a...

Sedation is a common procedure in avian practice and benzodiazepines are often used as sole agents or in combination with other drugs to sedate avian patients. Midazolam and diazepam have been evaluated in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata); however, lorazepam has not. Our aim was to determine the sedation effective dose 50 (ED(50)) of intranasal (NAS) lorazepam in zebra finches. Using the Dixon up-and-down method, the first randomly selected finch received 0.25 mg/kg NAS lorazepam. Sedation...

Understanding how reproductive states influence immune function is critical for advancing the care of managed wildlife species. Male Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) undergo musth, a periodic reproductive state characterized by elevated testosterone and behavioral changes, which may impose physiological costs. The effects of musth on immune function and systemic physiology remain poorly understood. This study evaluated multisystem biomarkers to characterize physiological changes associated with...

CONCLUSIONS: HES coils are safe and effective for the management of ruptured intracranial aneurysms, achieving a superior rate of adequate occlusion when compared with a literature-based performance goal for bare platinum coils. Rates of target aneurysm rebleeding after HES coil embolization were very low.