We studied competitive interactions between Daphnia longispina and D. magna competing for a single algal resource of varying quality in treatments with low and enhanced amounts of bacteria. We proposed that the outcome of competition is influenced by the concentration of bacteria. We used three types of food including high-quality green alga Chlamydomonas klinobasis, phosphorus-poor C. klinobasis and the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus, which is deficient in essential lipids. The medium...

BACKGROUND: Massive brain swelling after cranioplasty (MBSC) is a rare but frequently fatal complication characterized by cerebral edema following cranial vault reconstruction. Evidence suggests that MBSC occurs in patients with chronic intracranial hypotension, often in the setting of severe sinking skin flap (SSF) syndrome after decompressive craniectomy (DC).

Articulatory Phonology and Task Dynamics posit that phonological structure emerges from sequences of vocal tract constrictions, produced through precisely coordinated and goal-directed movements of otherwise independently controlled articulators, such as the tongue and jaw. However, these theories do not clearly specify which aspects of articulatory motion are reliably coordinated across signal stretches spanning multiple segments. The present study tested the hypothesis that phonological...

Short-term surgical missions have expanded access to total joint arthroplasty (TJA) in regions where degenerative joint disease remains undertreated. Reports from these initiatives frequently highlight procedural volume and low early complication rates, reinforcing the perception of success. However, these metrics capture only the earliest phase of outcome assessment following TJA. Durable arthroplasty quality is defined by implant survivorship, complication surveillance, revision capacity, and...

Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) arise from complex interactions between genetic and environmental risk factors, including prenatal immune activation. Maternal immune activation (MIA) in mice is a widely used model to study environmental contributions to NDDs; variability in experimental outcomes limits reproducibility. Here, we present a standardized protocol for inducing MIA during early gestation at embryonic day 9.5 (E9.5) in mice, incorporating multiple quality control metrics to assess...