This commentary highlights a commonly overlooked change in the 2022 COEPA document knowledge domain, where the only subdomain was retitled to "Scientific Thinker" from "Learner." The implications of the change, background of scientific thinking and a commitment to the biomedical sciences as the underlying foundation of pharmacy education are further discussed and explored.

CONCLUSIONS: This paper is the first to evaluate discrepancies in IHS budget proposals, before and during enactment, to elucidate the stages at which underfunding may occur and the implications for future research and policymaking by the IHS, Tribal Nations, and US Congress.

Creative thinking is a vital skill for engineers. Prior work suggests that social dynamics-such as critical feedback from a high-authority figure-can influence the ideation process. Yet little is known about the neurocognitive mechanisms through which feedback shapes creative thinking. In this study, engineering students completed a creative ideation task while EEG was recorded. Midway through the experiment, a professor gave the participant either supportive or unsupportive critical feedback on...

Streptococci represent a diverse group of bacteria that create a wide range of clinical manifestations from suppurative skin and soft tissue infections, pharyngotonsillitis, and urinary tract infections to more severe infections such as bacteremia, meningitis and toxic shock syndrome. Group A streptococci also create immune mediated diseases, including acute rheumatic fever, rheumatic carditis, and poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. Worldwide, these organisms are responsible for significant...

Pregnane X receptor (PXR) primarily regulates enzymes that detoxify xenobiotics and therapeutic drugs, but its surprising role in diabetes has recently emerged. In this study we treated male wild-type (WT) and Pxr-null (PXR-KO) mice for 14 weeks with control or obesity-and type 2 diabetes-promoting high-fat diet (HFD), followed by a single dose of vehicle or 100 mg/kg pancreatic beta cell-specific toxin streptozotocin (STZ) and two more weeks of their respective diets. Mice were evaluated for...