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A brief history of techniques in anaerobic microbiology are presented leading up to the incorporation of several improvements we have used over the years to improve our culture of anaerobic microorganisms of environmental, industrial and clinical importance. Two overriding aspects from our combined 90 years of experience here are: the better one's control of anaerobic conditions and gas phases, the better results are obtained; techniques can and should be targeted for individual microorganisms...

Researchers need applicable tools to analyze and account for familial relatedness when working with family study data. In this brief article, we describe the application of 2 modeling strategies for studying the association between leukocyte telomere length and incident stroke based on data collected in the Strong Heart Family Study: the shared frailty model and the marginal Cox proportional hazards model. Although these modeling strategies are based on different theoretical frameworks, their...

CONCLUSION: In this series, a pelvis-first approach was associated with improved reduction quality and decreased blood loss among patients with operatively managed transverse acetabulum fractures with a cranial unstable fracture fragment.

This article outlines the process of developing a written examination by the American Board of Orthodontics (ABO). It is a 240-question comprehensive examination that assesses the examinee's knowledge of basic sciences and clinical concepts based on criterion-referenced testing. Examinees' skills and knowledge are measured against the set of information represented by each test item. In addition, the ABO now offers both virtual and live presentations through "The Pathway Program" to further...