Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) remains the most effective intervention for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). We investigated whether cortico-limbic structural connectivity is associated with ECT response. Twenty-nine TRD patients underwent bifrontal ECT and baseline probabilistic tractography assessing connectivity between amygdala, anterior insula (aINS), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), posterior ventrolateral (VLPFC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex...

Black bears (Ursus americanus) undergo prolonged inactivity during hibernation without the cortical bone loss typical of other mammals, yet the response of axial bones to this process remains understudied. This study compares midshaft femoral and rib histology in four individuals-three wild and one captive-to assess skeletal responses to hibernation, growth, and stress. Femora exhibit a laminar-plexiform woven-parallel complex (WPC), with parallel-fibered annuli bounded by lines of arrested...

CONCLUSION: Vascular anomalies of the GI tract are uncommon but should be included in the broad differential for patients presenting with abdominal pain, symptoms consistent with a small bowel obstruction, and/or a cystic intra-abdominal mass. In addition, utilization of accurate and standardized terminology when reporting these lesions is important to facilitate prompt and accurate diagnosis and treatment of patients and to establish a reliable foundation of continued research on vascular...

BACKGROUND: E-cigarettes have emerged as a potentially more effective and satisfying alternative to nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) for smokers who struggle to quit. Although quitlines are effective platforms for tobacco cessation, they have not incorporated e-cigarettes due to regulatory concerns and limited clinical evidence. We evaluated whether quitline-delivered counseling combined with e-cigarettes was more effective than counseling with NRT among adults who recently failed to quit...

CONCLUSIONS: Generational differences influence perceptions of social media professionalism in healthcare. Despite widespread social media use, formal training and guideline awareness remain limited. These findings support the need for structured education on digital professionalism and clearer institutional policies to balance personal expression with professional standards.